I-N-Propanol: Izinto Ezibalulekile Zamakhemikhali Ezinto Eziphilayo
Izinkambu Ezinkulu Zokufaka Isicelo
Embonini yamakhemikhali, i-n-propanol iyindawo ebalulekile yokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhemikhali, njenge-acrylic acid, amakhemikhali e-acrylate, i-propyl acetate, i-propyl urea, ne-bromopropane. Lawa makhemikhali asetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwepulasitiki, izembozo, izinamathiselo, amakha, kanye nezengezo zokudla. Isibonelo, i-acrylic acid kanye nama-ester ayo kuyizinto ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza izembozo nezinamathiselo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu; i-propyl acetate ivame ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini zokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezimboni ze-solvent njengesinyibilikisi esibilisa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-n-propanol ingasuswa emanzini ukuze ikhiqize i-propylene, okuyizinto ezibalulekile zokwenziwa ekukhiqizweni kwepulasitiki ye-polypropylene.
Embonini yezemithi, i-n-propanol isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi ephakathi. Isibonelo, i-probenecid, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-gout, ine-n-propanol njengengxenye ebalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwayo; i-valproate sodium, umuthi we-antiepileptic, ubuye uthembele ku-n-propanol enqubweni yawo yokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-n-propanol isetshenziswa njengesithako semithi, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni kwemijovo kanye noketshezi oluphuzwayo. Ingancibilikisa izingxenye eziningi zemithi ezingancibiliki kahle, ithuthukise ukuzinza kanye nokutholakala kwemithi.
Ezimonyweni zobuhle kanye nemikhiqizo yokunakekela umuntu siqu, i-n-propanol ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesinyibilikisi. Ingancibilikisa ngempumelelo izithako ezisebenzayo ezahlukahlukene, amakha, kanye nemibala, okusiza lezi zingxenye ukuthi zisakazeke kangcono emikhiqizweni. Isibonelo, ekukhiqizweni kwamakha, i-n-propanol ingasetshenziswa njengesinyibilikisi ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo izingxenye zamakha, okuthuthukisa ubude besikhathi kanye nokuqina kwamakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-n-propanol ingasetshenziswa njengesibulali-magciwane sokuhlanza kanye nokubulala amagciwane ezibhedlela, emalabhorethri, nasemakhaya. Inemiphumela emihle yokubulala amagciwane, ingabulala ngempumelelo amagciwane namagciwane, futhi inokuguquguquka okulinganiselwe, ingashiyi nsalela ngemva kokusetshenziswa.
Emishinini yokuhlanza kanye nezindawo zikaphethiloli, i-n-propanol isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza uketshezi lwamabhuleki. Inokuncibilika okuhle kanye nokuthamba, inciphisa ngempumelelo ukungqubuzana ezinhlelweni zamabhuleki futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwamabhuleki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-n-propanol ingasetshenziswa njengesithako sikaphethiloli kumafutha ahlanganisiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokushisa. Isibonelo, ukwengeza inani elincane le-n-propanol kuphethiloli kungathuthukisa izakhiwo zayo zokulwa nokusha kanye nokusebenza kokushisa ngenkathi kunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya ophumayo.
Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ze-n-propanol ziyenza ibe umkhiqizo wamakhemikhali oguquguqukayo. Inokuncibilika okuhle futhi ingaxubana namanzi, ama-alcohol, ama-ether, nezinye izinyibilikisi eziningi. Njengoba inezinga lokubila elingu-97.2°C kanye nezinga lokuncibilika elingu--127°C, i-n-propanol inobuthi obuphansi kodwa ingabangela ukucasuka emehlweni, endleleni yokuphefumula, kanye nasesikhumbeni ngamanani aphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa nokugcinwa, kufanele kugqokwe imishini yokuzivikela efanele ukuze kugwenywe ukuthintana nesikhumba namehlo, futhi kufanele kugcinwe umoya omuhle.
Embonini yezemithi, i-n-propanol isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi ephakathi. Isibonelo, i-probenecid, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-gout, ine-n-propanol njengengxenye ebalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwayo; i-valproate sodium, umuthi we-antiepileptic, ubuye uthembele ku-n-propanol enqubweni yawo yokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-n-propanol isetshenziswa njengesithako semithi, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni kwemijovo kanye noketshezi oluphuzwayo. Ingancibilikisa izingxenye eziningi zemithi ezingancibiliki kahle, ithuthukise ukuzinza kanye nokutholakala kwemithi.
Ezimonyweni zobuhle kanye nemikhiqizo yokunakekela umuntu siqu, i-n-propanol ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesinyibilikisi. Ingancibilikisa ngempumelelo izithako ezisebenzayo ezahlukahlukene, amakha, kanye nemibala, okusiza lezi zingxenye ukuthi zisakazeke kangcono emikhiqizweni. Isibonelo, ekukhiqizweni kwamakha, i-n-propanol ingasetshenziswa njengesinyibilikisi ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo izingxenye zamakha, okuthuthukisa ubude besikhathi kanye nokuqina kwamakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-n-propanol ingasetshenziswa njengesibulali-magciwane sokuhlanza kanye nokubulala amagciwane ezibhedlela, emalabhorethri, nasemakhaya. Inemiphumela emihle yokubulala amagciwane, ingabulala ngempumelelo amagciwane namagciwane, futhi inokuguquguquka okulinganiselwe, ingashiyi nsalela ngemva kokusetshenziswa.
Emishinini yokuhlanza kanye nezindawo zikaphethiloli, i-n-propanol isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza uketshezi lwamabhuleki. Inokuncibilika okuhle kanye nokuthamba, inciphisa ngempumelelo ukungqubuzana ezinhlelweni zamabhuleki futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwamabhuleki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-n-propanol ingasetshenziswa njengesithako sikaphethiloli kumafutha ahlanganisiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokushisa. Isibonelo, ukwengeza inani elincane le-n-propanol kuphethiloli kungathuthukisa izakhiwo zayo zokulwa nokusha kanye nokusebenza kokushisa ngenkathi kunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya ophumayo.
Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ze-n-propanol ziyenza ibe umkhiqizo wamakhemikhali oguquguqukayo. Inokuncibilika okuhle futhi ingaxubana namanzi, ama-alcohol, ama-ether, nezinye izinyibilikisi eziningi. Njengoba inezinga lokubila elingu-97.2°C kanye nezinga lokuncibilika elingu--127°C, i-n-propanol inobuthi obuphansi kodwa ingabangela ukucasuka emehlweni, endleleni yokuphefumula, kanye nasesikhumbeni ngamanani aphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa nokugcinwa, kufanele kugqokwe imishini yokuzivikela efanele ukuze kugwenywe ukuthintana nesikhumba namehlo, futhi kufanele kugcinwe umoya omuhle.
Imininingwane
| Igama Lomkhiqizo | I-N-propanol | |||||||||
| I-MF | C3H8O | |||||||||
| Ukubukeka | Uketshezi oluqinile olungenambala | |||||||||
| Isigaba Sengozi | 3 | |||||||||
| Ubumsulwa | 99.5% Ubuncane | |||||||||
| I-MW | 60.1 | |||||||||
| INOMBOLO YE-CAS | 71-23-8 | |||||||||
| Ikhodi ye-HS | 29094100 | |||||||||
| I-EINECS CHA | 200-746-9 | |||||||||
| Cha | 1274 | |||||||||
| Isicelo | Isinyibilikisi, iphunga, ikhemikhali ephakathi nendawo | |||||||||
Ishidi Lokulawula Ikhwalithi
| Igama Lomkhiqizo | Utshwala be-N-Propyl | ||||||
| Into | Imininingwane | Imiphumela | |||||
| Ubuningi (p20°C)/g/cm3 | 0.795~0.805 | 0.802 | |||||
| okuqukethwe kwe-n-propanol/%≥ | 99.5 | 99.9 | |||||
| Umswakama/%≤ ≤ | 0.1 | 0.02 | |||||
| I-HaZen≤ | 10 | 5 | |||||
| Ubusidi (njenge-acetic acid)/%≤ | 0.003 | 0.001 | |||||
Ngokufigqiwe
Ngamafuphi, i-n-propanol, njengenhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo eziningi, idlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwanda kwezindawo zokusetshenziswa, isidingo semakethe se-n-propanol sizoqhubeka nokukhula. Esikhathini esizayo, amathuba okusetshenziswa kwe-n-propanol azoba maningi nakakhulu, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nentuthuko esimeme, lapho kulindeleke ukuthi i-n-propanol ibe yinto ebalulekile yamakhemikhali aluhlaza.