Ama-Polyols: Izinto Zokusetshenziswa Eziningi Zokusetshenziswa Kwezimboni Nabathengi
Izinkambu Ezinkulu Zokufaka Isicelo
Embonini yamakhemikhali, ama-polyol ayizinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza izinto ezinesisindo esikhulu sama-molecule njenge-polyester, ama-polyether, nama-polyurethane. Isibonelo, i-ethylene glycol isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-polyethylene terephthalate (PET), esetshenziswa kabanzi emabhodleleni epulasitiki kanye nemicu. I-Polyethylene glycol (PEG) isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-surfactants ahlukahlukene kanye nama-lubricant. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-polyol angasebenza njengezixazululo zokuncibilikisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhemikhali e-organic, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusabela.
Embonini yezemithi, ama-polyol asetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinto zokuxazulula izinkinga, ama-plasticizer, kanye nama-humectant. Isibonelo, i-propylene glycol kanye ne-glycerol zivame ukusetshenziswa ekulungiseleleni imijovo, uketshezi lomlomo, kanye namafutha okugcoba ukuthuthukisa ukuncibilika kwemithi kanye nokuzinza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-polyol angasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amafomula emithi ekhishwa ngokulawulwa, alawula izinga lokukhishwa kwemithi.
Embonini yokudla, ama-polyol asetshenziswa njengezithambisi, ama-humectant, kanye nama-emulsifier. Isibonelo, i-glycerol kanye ne-polyethylene glycol zingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwe-confectionery, izimpahla ezibhakiwe, kanye neziphuzo, okuhlinzeka ngobumnandi kanye nokugcinwa komswakama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-polyol angasetshenziswa ukulungisa ukuthungwa kanye nokuzwakala komlomo kokudla, kwandise isikhathi sako sokuphumula.
Embonini yezimonyo nokunakekelwa kwesikhumba, ama-polyol asetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinto ezisusa umswakama kanye nama-emulsifier. Isibonelo, i-propylene glycol kanye ne-glycerol kungamunca umswakama, kugcine isikhumba nezinwele zimanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-polyol angasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ama-sunscreen, ama-shampoo, kanye nama-conditioner, okuhlinzeka ngemiphumela yokuthambisa nokugcoba.
Embonini yepulasitiki, ama-polyol asetshenziswa njengezinto zokwenziwa kwepulasitiki ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuguquguquka kanye nokucutshungulwa kwepulasitiki. Isibonelo, i-glycerol kanye ne-polyethylene glycol zingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokwenziwa kwepulasitiki ze-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), okuzothuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwayo kanye nokuqina kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-polyol angasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amapulasitiki abolayo, okunciphisa umthelela emvelweni.
Embonini yokugqoka noyinki, ama-polyol asetshenziswa njengezinyibilikisi kanye nama-emulsifier. Angancibilikisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-resin kanye nemibala, anikeze izakhiwo ezinhle zokwakha ifilimu. Isibonelo, i-polyethylene glycol ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ukugqoka noyinki okusekelwe emanzini, okunikeza izixazululo ezinobungani nemvelo nezisebenzayo.
Imininingwane
| Igama Lomkhiqizo | Ama-Polyster Polyol | |||||||||
| Ukubukeka | Uketshezi oluqinile noma oluqinile olungenambala kuya kophuzi okhanyayo | |||||||||
| Isisindo sama-molecule | 500-5000 g/mol | |||||||||
| Indawo Yokubilisa | >200 | |||||||||
| Ubumsulwa | 98%,99.5% | |||||||||
| Ubuningi | 1.10-1.15 | |||||||||
| Ikhodi ye-HS | 3907910000 | |||||||||
| Isicelo | Izembozo ze-polyurethane, uyinki; izithende zezicathulo, izivalo, amathayi | |||||||||
Ishidi Lokulawula Ikhwalithi
| Igama Lomkhiqizo | Ama-Polyster Polyol | ||||||
| ITEM | Okujwayelekile | Umphumela | |||||
| I-Chroma (APHA) | ≤30 | 11 | |||||
| Ukuqina ku-25℃ (mPas) | 1100-1500 | 1296 | |||||
| Okuqukethwe kwamanzi (%) | ≤0.08 | 0.017 | |||||
| Inani le-Hydroxyl(mgKOH/g) | 32.5-35.5 | 34.2 | |||||
| Inani le-asidi (meKOH/s) | ≤0.08 | 0.029 | |||||
| Inani le-pH | 5.0-7.5 | 6.7 | |||||
| I-K+(mgkg) | ≤5 | 1.0 | |||||
| Isiphetho | Abafanelekile | ||||||
Ngokufigqiwe
Ngamafuphi, ama-polyol, njengezinto ezibalulekile zamakhemikhali aphilayo, adlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini eziningi. Awagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi kodwa futhi asekela intuthuko yemboni yesimanje. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe, amathuba okusetshenziswa kwama-polyols azoba maningi nakakhulu.