I-Acetonitrile: Isinyibilikisi Esisebenzayo kanye Nesithambisi Sokwenziwa Kwezinto Eziphilayo-1
Izinkambu Ezinkulu Zokufaka Isicelo
Ekuhlaziyweni kwamakhemikhali, i-acetonitrile iyisithako esivame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlaziyweni kwe-chromatography yoketshezi esebenza kahle kakhulu (i-HPLC) kanye ne-gas chromatography (GC). Inomswakama omuhle kanye ne-viscosity ephansi, iqeda ngempumelelo izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhemikhali e-organic kanye ne-inorganic ukuze inikeze imiphumela ecacile yokuhlaziya. I-Acetonitrile isetshenziselwa futhi ukulungiselela izixazululo ezijwayelekile kanye noketshezi lokulinganisa, okuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuthembeka kokuhlaziywa.
Ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo, i-acetonitrile iyisinyibilikisi esibalulekile nesiphakathi nendawo. Ingancibilikisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo, inikeze indawo ezinzile yokusabela kwamakhemikhali. Isibonelo, ekuhlanganisweni kwezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa kwezokwelapha kanye namakhemikhali ephunga, i-acetonitrile ingasebenza njengesinyibilikisi ukukhuthaza ukusabela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-acetonitrile ingahlanganyela ekuphenduleni okuthile kwamakhemikhali ukukhiqiza amakhemikhali anemisebenzi ethile. Isibonelo, i-acetonitrile ingabhekana nokusabela kokushintsha kwe-nucleophilic neqembu layo le-cyano ukukhiqiza amakhemikhali ahambisanayo e-amine noma utshwala.
Embonini yezemithi, i-acetonitrile isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinqubweni zokwenziwa nokuhlanza izidakamizwa. Ingancibilikisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi eyandulelayo kanye nemithi ephakathi, ikhuthaze ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuphumelelayo. Isibonelo, ekwakhiweni kwama-antibiotic athile kanye nemithi yenhliziyo, i-acetonitrile ingasebenza njengesinyibilikisi sokwandisa amazinga okusabela kanye nesivuno. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-acetonitrile ingasetshenziswa ekwenzeni i-crystallization yemithi kanye nokuhlanza ukuqinisekisa ubumsulwa kanye nekhwalithi yemithi.
Embonini yamakha nezimonyo, i-acetonitrile isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa nokuhlanzwa kwamakha. Ingasetshenziswa ukukhipha izingxenye zamakha zemvelo, njengamafutha abalulekile ezitshalweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-acetonitrile ingasetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa amakha anephunga eliyingqayizivele lamakha nezimonyo.
Embonini ye-elekthronikhi, i-acetonitrile isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuhlanza kanye nesinyibilikisi. Ingasusa ngempumelelo izinsalela kanye nokungcola ebusweni bezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, iqinisekise ukuhlanzeka nokusebenza kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. Isibonelo, ekukhiqizweni kwe-semiconductor, i-acetonitrile ingasetshenziswa ukuhlanza ubuso be-wafers, isuse izinsalela ze-photoresist kanye nokunye ukungcola.
Naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwayo okubanzi, i-acetonitrile iyashintshashintsha futhi inobuthi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo nokugcinwa kwayo kudinga izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile. I-Acetonitrile ihwamuka kalula emoyeni, ngakho-ke kufanele isetshenziswe endaweni enomoya omuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izixazululo ze-acetonitrile zinobuthi obuthile, futhi imishini yokuzivikela efanele kufanele igqokwe ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa ukuze kugwenywe ukuthintana nesikhumba namehlo. Ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni, ukusetshenziswa kwe-acetonitrile kuvame ukwenzeka ezinhlelweni ezivaliwe ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela emvelweni.
Imininingwane
| Igama Lomkhiqizo | I-Acetonitrile | |||||||||
| Ifomula Yamakhemikhali | C2H3N | |||||||||
| Isisindo sama-molecule | 41.05 g/mol | |||||||||
| Ukubukeka | uketshezi olungabonakali olungenambala | |||||||||
| Indawo Yokuncibilika | -45.7°C | |||||||||
| Indawo Yokubilisa | 81.6°C | |||||||||
| Ubuningi | 0.003 g/cm³ | |||||||||
| INOMBOLO YE-CAS | 75-05-8 | |||||||||
| Ikhodi ye-HS | 2926909090 | |||||||||
| I-EINECS CHA | 200-835-2 | |||||||||
| Isicelo | Kusetshenziswa ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo, ekukhishweni, kuma-medicine intermediates, kanye nasekuhlaziyweni kwe-chromatographic. | |||||||||
Ishidi Lokulawula Ikhwalithi
| Igama Lomkhiqizo | I-Acetonitrile | ||||||
| ITEM | IZINGA (Ikhwalithi Ephakeme) | INANI LOKUHLOLA (%) | |||||
| Amayunithi e-Chromaticity/HaZen | 10 | 10 | |||||
| Ubuningi | 0.5 | 0.003 g/cm³ | |||||
| Ubumsulwa/%≥ | 99.9 | 99.94 | |||||
| Umswakama/%≤ | 0.030 | 0.029 | |||||
| I-Acetone/%≤ | 25 | ＜5 | |||||
| I-Acrylonitrile/%≤ | 25 | ＜5 | |||||
| I-Amonia/%≤ | 6 | 1.1 | |||||
| Ubusidi (njenge-acetic acid)/≤ | 50 | 1.8 | |||||
| Ithusi/(mg/kg)≤ | 0.5 | 0.001 | |||||
| Insimbi/(mg/kg)≤ | 0.5 | 0.003 g/cm³ | |||||
| Ibanga lokubilisa (ku-0.10133 MPa) °C | 81.0-82.0 | 81.6-82.0 | |||||
Ngokufigqiwe
Ngamafuphi, i-acetonitrile, njengezinto ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali aphilayo kanye nesinyibilikisi, idlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini eziningi. Ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokukhiqiza ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kodwa futhi isekela intuthuko yemboni yesimanje. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe, amathuba okusetshenziswa kwe-acetonitrile azoba maningi nakakhulu.