I-Global - Premier TDI: Ibhloko Yokwakha Ebalulekile Embonini Ye-Polyurethane

Izakhiwo Zomzimba Nezamakhemikhali

Ukubukeka Nephunga: I-TDI ivame ukubonakala njengoketshezi olungenambala olubonakalayo noma oluphuzi kancane, oluvutha kalula. Ikhipha iphunga elinamandla, elinamandla, nelicasulayo, elisebenza njengesibonakaliso esibalulekile sokuzwa sokuba khona kwayo.
Ukuncibilika kanye nokusabela kabusha: Ingaxutshwa kalula nezinyibilikisi ezahlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-ethanol (ngokubola), i-diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, i-diethyl ether, i-acetone, i-carbon tetrachloride, i-benzene, i-chlorobenzene, i-parafini, kanye namafutha omnqumo. Esinye sezimpawu zayo zamakhemikhali ezivelele kakhulu ukusabela kwayo emanzini, ukusabela okukhiqiza igesi ye-carbon dioxide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-TDI ingasabela ngokushesha ngama-compounds aqukethe ama-athomu e-hydrogen asebenzayo, okuyisici esisetshenziswa ezinqubweni eziningi zezimboni.
Ama-Constant Abalulekile Ezinto Ezibonakalayo: I-TDI inezinga lokubila elingaba ngu-247℃, elinquma izinga lokushisa lapho ishintsha khona isuka koketshezi iye esimweni segesi ngaphansi kwengcindezi evamile yomoya. Izinga layo lokuncibilika lisukela ku-19.5 kuya ku-21.5℃, okubonisa izinga lokushisa lapho iqina khona. I-flash point ye-TDI ingu-127℃, okusho ukuthi kuleli zinga lokushisa, ingakhiqiza umusi ovuthayo lapho kukhona umthombo wokushisa. Njengoba inamandla angu-1.217, inzima kunamanzi, okunomthelela ekuphathweni nasekuhlukanisweni kwayo ezimweni zezimboni nezemvelo.

Izindawo Zokufaka Isicelo

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Polyurethane Foam: I-TDI iyitshe elibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwama-polyurethane foam, asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini eziningi. Emkhakheni wefenisha, ama-polyurethane foam athambile enziwe nge-TDI ayizinto ezikhethwayo zokudala ama-cushion akhululekile futhi asekelayo kusofa, ezihlalweni zezandla, kanye nomatrasi. Embonini yezimoto, la ma-foam asetshenziswa ezihlalweni zezimoto, anikeza induduzo nokuphepha ngokumunca ama-shock ngesikhathi sokushayela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-polyurethane foam asekelwe ku-TDI asetshenziswa ekufakweni kwe-insulation, njengaseziqandisini nasezintweni zokwakha ze-insulation, ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo ezinhle kakhulu ze-insulation ye-thermal.
Izimbozo kanye Nezinamathiselo: I-TDI idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezimbozo nezinamathiselo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Embonini yezimbozo, ama-polyurethane asekelwe ku-TDI asetshenziselwa ukudala izimbozo eziqinile, ezingaklwebheki, nezimelana namakhemikhali zezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-substrate, okuhlanganisa izinsimbi, ipulasitiki, kanye nokhuni. Lezi zimbozo zisetshenziswa ekuqedeni izimoto, ezimbozweni zaphansi, kanye nezimbozo zemishini yezimboni. Emakethe yezimbozo, izimbozo eziqukethe i-TDI ziyaziswa ngenxa yamakhono azo okubopha aqinile. Zisetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni ifenisha, ekuhlanganiseni izingxenye zezimoto, kanye nasembonini yokwakha ukuhlanganisa izinto zokwakha ezahlukahlukene.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Elastomer: I-TDI isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-polyurethane elastomers, ahlanganisa izakhiwo zerabha nepulasitiki. Lawa ma-elastomers asetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi, njengasekukhiqizweni kwezithende zezicathulo, lapho enikeza khona ukuguquguquka okuhle kakhulu, ukuqina, kanye nokumuncwa kokushaqeka. Asetshenziswa futhi ekukhiqizweni kwezimbozo zezimboni nama-gasket, lapho ukumelana kwawo namakhemikhali, ukukhuhlana, kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu kuwenza afaneleke ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinzima.

Izindlela Zokulungiselela

Imizila Yendabuko Ye-Phosgenation
2,4 - Umzila we-Amino Toluene: Inqubo iqala ngokuncibilikisa i-amino toluene engu-2,4 bese iyincibilikisa ku-chlorobenzene. Lesi sixazululo sibe sesiphendulwa nge-phosgene ngenqubo yezinyathelo ezimbili. Okokuqala, kwenzeka ukusabela okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwezinga lokushisa elingu-35 - 45℃. Ngemva kwalokho, kwenzeka ukusabela okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-130℃. Ngemva kokuthi ukusabela sekuqediwe, igesi ye-nitrogen ifakwa ukuze ikhiphe noma iyiphi i-hydrogen chloride engaphenduliwe kanye ne-phosgene eningi. I-chlorobenzene ibe isisuswa, bese isinyathelo sokugcina sihilela ukucwiliswa kwe-vacuum ukuze kutholakale i-TDI emsulwa.
Indlela ye-Nitro Toluene: Kule ndlela, i-nitro toluene iqala i-nitrate bese incishiswa ukuze kutholakale i-diaminotoluene engu-2,4. Lokhu okuphakathi kube sekufakwa ku-phosgenation, lapho isabela khona ne-phosgene ukuze yakhe i-TDI. Ingxube yokusabela ibe isicutshungulwa ukuze ihlukanise futhi ihlanze umkhiqizo we-TDI.
Izindlela Ezintsha Ezihlukile
Imizila Engeyona i-Phosgene: Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nokugxila okwandayo ekuthuthukiseni izindlela ezingezona eze-phosgene ukukhiqiza i-TDI ngomzamo wokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo ohlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-phosgene. Isibonelo, olunye ucwaningo luhlola ukusetshenziswa kwama-reagents ahlukile kanye nezimo zokusabela ukudala i-TDI ngaphandle kwesidingo se-phosgene. Kodwa-ke, lezi zindlela zisesesigabeni sokuthuthuka futhi azikakafinyeleli ekwamukelweni kabanzi kwezentengiselwano.

Izinyathelo zokuzivikela

Izingozi Zempilo: Umhwamuko we-TDI ubeka izingozi ezinkulu empilweni yabantu. Uyacasula kakhulu amehlo, isikhumba, kanye nomgudu wokuphefumula. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside noma ngokuphindaphindiwe kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo, okuhlanganisa nezinkinga zokuphefumula ezifana ne-bronchitis, izimpawu ezifana ne-asthma, futhi kwezinye izimo, izimo ezibucayi kakhulu njenge-bronchiectasis nesifo senhliziyo samaphaphu. Isibonelo, amagundane abhekene nokugxila okuphakathi kuka-(0.5 - 1)×10⁻⁶ amahora angu-6 ngosuku, izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezi-5 - 10, kuye kwabonakala ukuthi anqotshwa yimiphumela enobuthi. Kubantu, ukuphefumula amazinga aphansi njengo-0.0005mg/L kungabangela ukukhwehlela okukhulu kanye nokuphelelwa umoya.

Izingozi Zokusha kanye Nokuqhuma: I-TDI iwuketshezi oluvuthayo, futhi umusi wayo ungakha ingxube eqhumayo nomoya. Uma ivezwa emalangabini avulekile, izinhlansi, noma ukushisa okuphezulu, kunengozi enkulu yokusha nokuqhuma. Ngakho-ke, izinqubo zokugcina nokuphatha ezifanele zibalulekile ukuvimbela izingozi ezinjalo.
Ukugcina Nokuphatha: I-TDI kufanele igcinwe endaweni yokugcina izinto epholile, enomoya omuhle ekude nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, imithombo yokushisa, kanye nemithombo yokushisa. Izitsha zokugcina izinto kumele zivalwe kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza komusi. Njengoba ikwazi ukusabela emanzini nezinye izinto, kufanele igcinwe ngokwehlukana nezinto ezingase zisabela kuyo, njengezinto ezikhipha i-oxidizing. Ngesikhathi sokuphatha, imishini yokuzivikela efanele, okuhlanganisa amagilavu ​​​​amelana namakhemikhali, izibuko zokuphepha, kanye nokuvikela ukuphefumula, kufanele kugqokwe ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi zokuchayeka.

Imininingwane

Ishidi Lokulawula Ikhwalithi