I-Bisphenol A (BPA): Umakhi Oyinhloko Wezinto Ezisebenza Kakhulu
Ukuhlaziywa Okujulile Kwezakhiwo Eziyisisekelo Ze-Physicochemical
Isakhiwo Esiyingqayizivele Sama-Molecular: I-molecule ye-BPA yakhiwe amaqembu amabili e-phenolic hydroxyl axhunywe ku-skeleton ye-propane. Lesi sakhiwo siyinika umsebenzi okhethekile wamakhemikhali. Amaqembu amabili e-phenolic hydroxyl anika i-BPA i-nucleophilicity enamandla, okwenza ikwazi ukusabela ngama-compounds ahlukahlukene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-propane skeleton inikeza i-molecule izinga elithile lokuqina kanye nesithiyo se-steric, okuthonya ukukhetha kanye nomsebenzi we-BPA ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali ahlukene.
Izakhiwo Ezibonakalayo: I-BPA inezinga lokuncibilika elingu-158 - 159°C, izinga lokubila eliphakeme njengo-400.8°C, kanye nobuningi obungaba ngu-1.195g/cm³. Amazinga ayo aphezulu okuncibilika nokubila aqinisekisa ukuqina kwayo ngaphansi kokushisa okuvamile kanye nengcindezi, kuyilapho ubukhulu bayo obufanele budlala indima ezimweni zokusetshenziswa ezidinga ubuningi bezinto ezithile, njengokulungiswa kwamapulasitiki athile nama-resin, lapho izici zobuningi be-BPA zingathinta khona izakhiwo zomzimba kanye nokucutshungulwa kokubumba kwemikhiqizo yokugcina. Incibilika kancane ku-carbon tetrachloride, ayincibiliki emanzini, kodwa incibilika ezinhlobonhlobo zezixazululo ezivamile zezinto eziphilayo, futhi lesi sici sokuncibilika sinquma umsebenzi wayo wokusabela kanye nezindlela zokusebenzisa ezinhlelweni ezahlukene ze-solvent.
Ifomu Lokuhlola Ikhwalithi le-Bisphenol A
| Umhlaziyi | Iyunithi | Imininingwane | Umphumela | Indlela Yokuhlola |
| Ukubukeka | / | Okumhlophe okusanhlamvu noma okuqhekekile, Ngaphandle kokungcola okwenziwe ngomshini | I-granular emhlophe, Ngaphandle kokungcola okwenziwe ngomshini | I-GB/T 28113-2011 |
| I-Bisphenol A | Ngaphakathi/% | ≥99.85 | 99.925 | I-GB/T 28113-2011 |
| I-Phenol | Ngaphakathi/% | ≤0.005 | 0.001 | I-GB/T 28113-2011 |
| 2,4-Isomer | Ngaphakathi/% | ≤0.050 | 0.01 | I-GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Iphuzu le-Crystalline | °C | ≥156.6 | 157.2 | I-GB/T 28113-2011 |
| I-Chroma Encibilikisiwe | Umbala, i-Pt-Co (Iyunithi ye-Hazen) | ≤20 | 10 | I-GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Isixazululo se-Chroma | Umbala, i-Pt-Co (Iyunithi ye-Hazen) | / | 5 | I-GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Umswakama | Ngaphakathi/% | ≤0.08 | 0.02 | I-GB/T 6283-2008 |
Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Eziyinhloko Ezinkambeni Eziningi
Ukukhiqizwa Kwepulasitiki Ne-Resin:
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Polycarbonate (PC): I-BPA iyinto eyinhloko yokwenziwa kwe-polycarbonate (PC). I-Polycarbonate ivelele emikhakheni eminingi ngenxa yokucaca kwayo okuhle kakhulu (ukudlulisa ukukhanya okungaphezu kuka-90%), ukumelana okukhulu komthelela (okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-250 - 300 kunengilazi evamile), ukuzinza okuhle kobukhulu, kanye nokumelana nokushisa (izinga lokushisa lokushintshashintsha kokushisa kufika ku-130 - 140°C). Embonini ye-elekthronikhi kanye nekagesi, i-PC isetshenziswa kabanzi ukukhiqiza amabhokisi amakhompyutha, omakhalekhukhwini, neminye imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, okungagcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuthembekile kwezingxenye zokunemba kwangaphakathi kodwa futhi okuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwemakethe kwemikhiqizo ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okuhle kanye nokuthungwa okuhle. Embonini yezimoto, i-PC isetshenziselwa ukwenza izembozo zezibani zemoto, amaphaneli ezinsimbi, nezinye izingxenye. Ukudlulisa ukukhanya okuphezulu kwezimbozo zezibani zezimoto kuqinisekisa ukukhanya kokushayela ebusuku, kuyilapho ukuzinza kobukhulu bamaphaneli ezinsimbi kuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okunembile kanye nokuthembeka kokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwezingxenye. Emkhakheni wokwakha, amaphaneli elanga enziwe ngama-PC, ama-canopy okukhanyisa, neminye imikhiqizo isetshenziswa kabanzi ezakhiweni zomphakathi njengezitolo ezinkulu kanye nezinkundla zemidlalo ngenxa yokumelana kwawo okuhle kakhulu nokushayisana kokukhanya, okudala izikhala zangaphakathi ezikhanyayo neziphephile.
Ukwenziwa Kwe-Epoxy Resin: I-BPA nayo iyi-monomer ebalulekile yokulungiselela ama-epoxy resin. Ama-epoxy resin anokunamathela okuhle kakhulu futhi angabopha ngokuqinile izinto ezahlukahlukene njengezinsimbi, ukhuni, nengilazi, ngakho-ke athatha isikhundla esibalulekile emkhakheni wokunamathela. Embonini yezindiza, izinamathiselo ezisekelwe ku-epoxy zisetshenziselwa ukubopha izingxenye zesakhiwo sezindiza ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho nokuphepha kwesakhiwo sendiza ngaphansi kwezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokundiza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-epoxy resin anokumelana okuhle nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zokushisa futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi ezintweni zokupakisha ze-elekthronikhi kanye nokugqoka. Isibonelo, amabhodi wesekethe kumadivayisi kagesi avame ukumbozwa ngama-epoxy resin ukuvikela izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ekugugulekeni kwemvelo yangaphandle nokuthuthukisa ukuzinza nokuphila kwesevisi yamadivayisi kagesi. Esicini sokumboza, izinamathiselo ze-epoxy resin zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela ubuso bensimbi, ezingamelana ngempumelelo nokugqwala kwezinto zamakhemikhali ezifana nama-acid nama-alkali futhi zandise impilo yesevisi yemikhiqizo yensimbi.
Ezinye Izicelo Zamakhemikhali Amnandi:
Ukwenziwa Kwezinto Ezivimbela Amalangabi: Izinto ezivimbela amalangabi ezifana ne-tetrabromobisphenol A zingakhiwa kusukela ku-BPA. Ukwengezwa kwezinto ezivimbela amalangabi kubaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana nemikhiqizo yepulasitiki nezindwangu. Emikhiqizweni yepulasitiki, izinto ezivimbela amalangabi zinganciphisa ngempumelelo ukusha kwezinto. Uma zivezwa emthonjeni womlilo, igesi ebolile engavuthi noma ungqimba lwe-carbonaceous olukhiqizwe yizinto ezivimbela amalangabi lungavimba ukudluliselwa komoya-mpilo nokushisa futhi luvimbele ukusabalala kokusha. Isibonelo, ukufaka izinto ezivimbela amalangabi ezingxobeni zepulasitiki zemikhiqizo kagesi neyegesi kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yomlilo futhi kuvikele izimpilo zabantu kanye nempahla. Ezindwangu, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezivimbela amalangabi kungenza izingubo zingashi kakhulu lapho zihlangana nomthombo womlilo futhi kunciphise umonakalo obangelwa ukusha kwezingubo emlilweni.
Ama-Antioxidants kanye nama-Heat Stabilizers: I-BPA ingasetshenziswa njenge-antioxidant kanye ne-heat stabilizer kweminye imikhiqizo yepulasitiki neyerabha. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula amapulasitiki, izinto ezifana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye ne-oxygen ziholela kalula ekugugeni nasekuwohlokeni kwepulasitiki, zithinta ukusebenza komkhiqizo kanye nempilo yesevisi. Njenge-antioxidant, i-BPA ingabamba ama-free radicals ohlelweni lwepulasitiki, ivimbele ukudluliselwa kwe-chain ye-oxidation reactions, futhi ilibazise inqubo yokuguga kwamapulasitiki. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njenge-heat stabilizer, i-BPA ingathuthukisa ukuzinza kwamapulasitiki ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu futhi ivimbele amapulasitiki ekuboleni, ekushintsheni kombala, kanye nezinye izinkinga ngesikhathi sokucubungula noma ukusetshenziswa. Emikhiqizweni yerabha, i-BPA ingadlala indima efanayo, ithuthukise ukumelana nokuguga kwerabha nokushisa kanye ne-oxygen futhi yandise impilo yesevisi yemikhiqizo yerabha efana namathayi ezimoto kanye nezimpawu zerabha.
Izingxabano Zokuphepha Nezimpendulo Zemboni
Ukuhlola Izingozi Zempilo: I-BPA inezinga elithile lobuthi obuphansi futhi ingathutha futhi ishintshe endaweni ezungezile nasemzimbeni womuntu. Inani elikhulu lezifundo likhombisile ukuthi i-BPA inemiphumela efana ne-estrogen futhi ingaphazamisa uhlelo lwe-endocrine lomuntu. Ikakhulukazi ezinsaneni, ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwazo lokuzala kungathinteka, okuholela ezifweni ezihlobene nohlelo lokuzala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-BPA ingase futhi ibangele ukumelana ne-insulin, okuholela ezinkingeni zempilo ezifana noshukela ophezulu wegazi kanye nokukhuluphala ngokweqile. Ezinye izivivinyo zezilwane zikhombisile ukuthi izilwane zokuhlola ezivezwe ku-BPA isikhathi eside zinokuthuthuka okungavamile kwezitho zokuzala kanye nezinguquko zokuziphatha. Nakuba ucwaningo ngomthelela we-BPA empilweni yabantu lusaqhubeka, amazwe amaningi athathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-BPA emikhiqizweni ethile ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngezingozi zempilo.
Izinhlelo Zemboni Nokuthuthukiswa Kokuthobela Imithetho: Ngenxa yezingxabano zokuphepha ze-BPA, amazwe amaningi nezifunda emhlabeni wonke ziye zaqala imithethonqubo efanele ukuze zinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Ngo-2011, uMnyango Wezempilo waseShayina kanye neminye iminyango eyisithupha yakhipha umthetho wokuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kwe-BPA ekukhiqizweni, ekungenisweni nasekuthengisweni kwamabhodlela obisi lwezinsana. Amazwe nezifunda ezifana ne-United States, iCanada, kanye ne-European Union nazo ziye zavimbela ukusetshenziswa kwe-BPA ekupakisheni ukudla, emikhiqizweni yezingane, nakweminye imikhakha. Ebhekene nalezi zidingo zomthetho, imboni ihlola ngenkuthalo ezinye izindlela ezingasetshenziswa esikhundleni se-BPA, njenge-bisphenol S (BPS) kanye ne-diphenyl sulfone. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amabhizinisi okukhiqiza aqhubeka nokwenza ngcono izinqubo zokukhiqiza futhi aqinise ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ukuze anciphise inani lokufuduka kwe-BPA futhi ahlangabezane nezindinganiso zomthetho eziqinile nezimfuneko zabathengi zokuphepha komkhiqizo ngesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza ama-polycarbonate nama-epoxy resins, amabhizinisi athuthukisa izinga lokuguqulwa kwe-BPA futhi anciphise i-BPA engasasebenzi emikhiqizweni ngokuthuthukisa izimo zokusabela kanye nokwenza ngcono izinhlelo ze-catalyst.
Imininingwane
| Igama Lomkhiqizo | I-Bisphenol A | |||||||||
| Ifomula Yamakhemikhali | C₁₅H₁₆O₂ | |||||||||
| Isisindo sama-molecule | 228.29 g/mol | |||||||||
| Ukubukeka | Impuphu emhlophe ekristalu | |||||||||
| Indawo Yokuncibilika | 155–158°C | |||||||||
| Indawo Yokubilisa | 250–252°C | |||||||||
| INOMBOLO YE-CAS | 80-05-7 | |||||||||
| Ikhodi ye-HS | 29072990 | |||||||||
| I-EINECS CHA | 201-240-4 | |||||||||
| Isicelo | Kuhlanganisa izinto zokupholisa, izinto ezivimbela ilangabi, imithi; kusetshenziswa ekumbozeni/ezinamathelisweni. | |||||||||
Ishidi Lokulawula Ikhwalithi
| Igama Lomkhiqizo | I-Bisphenol A | ||||||
| ITEM | INANI ELIJWAYELEKILE(%) | INANI LOKUHLOLA (%) | |||||
| I-Bisphenol A Purity wt. | Ubuncane obungu-99.85 | 99.93 | |||||
| Umbala we-APHA | Ubuningi obungu-5 | 5 | |||||
| I-Phenol mg/kg | Ubuningi obuyi-100 | 56 | |||||
| I-phenol wt. % yamahhala | Ubuningi obungu-1000 | 230 | |||||
| Ubuningi bamanzi % | Umkhawulo ongu-0.1 | 0.03 | |||||
| Umlotha mg/kg | Ubuningi obungu-5 | 0 | |||||
| Insimbi mg/kg | Umkhawulo ongu-0.1 | 0.03 | |||||
Kungani Kufanele Ukhethe I-BPA Yethu?
Sizibophezele ekuhlinzekeni ngemikhiqizo ye-BPA esezingeni eliphezulu futhi esebenza kahle. Zonke izixhumanisi ezivela ekuthengweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kuya ekukhiqizweni nasekucutshungulweni zilandela izinhlelo zokulawula ikhwalithi eziqinile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlanzekile kakhulu, ukungcola okuncane, futhi zonke izinkomba zihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziphakeme zemboni. Sineqembu lochwepheshe le-R & D elinganikeza izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokwezidingo zamakhasimende ezahlukene ukusiza amakhasimende ukufeza ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nentuthuko emikhakheni efana nepulasitiki, ama-resin, namakhemikhali amahle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sinamakhono okuphatha uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngempumelelo ukuqinisekisa ukunikezwa kwemikhiqizo ngesikhathi esifanele nangokuzinzile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokukhiqiza ezinkulu zamakhasimende. Emuva kwemboni yezingxabano zokuphepha ze-BPA, sinaka kakhulu amandla okulawula, sitshala imali njalo ezinsizeni ze-R & D, futhi sikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuluhlaza nokuphephile kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza ukuze sinikeze amakhasimende imikhiqizo ehambisanayo nethembekile.
Khetha i-BPA yethu, hlanganani ukuze nenze impumelelo eqhubekayo emkhakheni wezinto zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphezulu, nibhekane nezinselele, futhi nidale inani elikhulu.