I-Glyphosate: Ikhemikhali Yezolimo Esetshenziswa Kabanzi Nebalulekile
Izinkambu Ezinkulu Zokufaka Isicelo
Kwezolimo, i-glyphosate iyisithako esiyinhloko sokubulala ukhula. Isebenza ngokuvimbela i-enzyme engu-5 - enolpyruvylshikimate - 3 - phosphate synthase (EPSPS) ezitshalweni. Le enzyme ibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwama-aromatic amino acid, abalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo. Ngokuvimba le enzyme, i-glyphosate iphazamisa izinqubo ezijwayelekile ze-metabolic zokhula, okuholela ekubuneni nasekufeni kwazo kancane kancane. Isimo sayo esihlelekile sivumela ukuthi imuncwe amaqabunga futhi ithuthwe kuso sonke isitshalo, ibulale ngempumelelo izingxenye ezingenhla zomhlabathi nezingaphansi komhlaba zokhula, kufaka phakathi izimpande. Lokhu kuyenza isebenze kahle kakhulu ekulawuleni ukhula oluhlala isikhathi eside okunzima ukuluqeda.
I-Glyphosate iyahambisana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo. Ezitshalweni eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo (GM) ezenzelwe ukubekezelela i-glyphosate, njengesoya, ummbila, kanye nekotini, ingafuthwa ngqo phezu kwezitshalo ezikhulayo ukulawula ukhula ngaphandle kokulimaza isitshalo uqobo. Lokhu kushintshe imikhuba yokulima, okuvumela ukulawulwa kokhula okuphumelelayo nokukhulu, kunciphisa isidingo sokulinywa ngomshini kanye nokunciphisa ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezitshalweni ezingezona eze-GM, i-glyphosate ingasetshenziswa ekulawuleni ukhula ngaphambi kokutshala noma ngemva kokuvuna, ukulungiselela inhlabathi yokuhlwanyela noma ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo ezivuniwe zihlala zingenalo ukhula.
Ngaphandle kwezolimo, i-glyphosate ithola nokusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezingezona ezokulima. Isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukhula ezindaweni zezimboni, emigwaqweni, ezinsikeni zezitimela, nasezindaweni ezizungezile izindawo zokusetshenziswa. Ngokugcina lezi zindawo zingenazo izimila ezingafuneki, kusiza ekulondolozeni ingqalasizinda, kunciphisa izingozi zomlilo, futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphepha.
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo eziningi, i-glyphosate ibilokhu iyinkinga enkulu. Kuye kwaphakanyiswa ukukhathazeka mayelana nomthelela wayo ongaba khona emvelweni nasempilweni yabantu. Ezinye izifundo ziphakamise ukuxhumana okungenzeka ezindabeni ezithile zezempilo, yize ukuvumelana kwesayensi ngalezi zindaba kusahlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, iziphathimandla zomthetho emhlabeni wonke bezilokhu ziqapha ukusetshenziswa kwayo eduze, zisebenzisa imithetho eqinile ngamanani okusetshenziswa kwayo, izinyathelo zokuphepha, kanye nezidingo zokulebula.
Lapho igcinwa, i-glyphosate kufanele igcinwe endaweni epholile, eyomile, kude nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile nezinto ezingahambisani. Uma usebenzisa i-glyphosate, kufanele kugqokwe imishini yokuzivikela efanele, njengamagilavu, izibuko zokuzivikela, kanye nezingubo zokuzivikela, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuchayeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulahla kahle noma yimuphi umkhiqizo ongasetshenziswanga noma ukupakishwa kubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.
Imininingwane
| Igama Lomkhiqizo | I-Glyphosate | |||||||||
| Ifomula Yamakhemikhali | C₃H₈NO₅P | |||||||||
| Isisindo sama-molecule | 169.07 | |||||||||
| Ukubukeka | izimpushana ezimhlophe | |||||||||
| Indawo Yokuncibilika | 230°C | |||||||||
| Ubuningi | 1.747 g/cm³ | |||||||||
| INOMBOLO YE-CAS | 1071 - 83 - 6 | |||||||||
| Ikhodi ye-HS | 29319000.9 | |||||||||
| I-EINECS CHA | 213 - 997 - 4 | |||||||||
| Isicelo | Ukulawulwa kokhula kwezolimo, ukuphathwa kokhula olungalinywanga | |||||||||
Ishidi Lokulawula Ikhwalithi
| Igama Lomkhiqizo | I-Glyphosate | ||||||
| ITEM | INANI ELIJWAYELEKILE(%) | INANI LOKUHLOLA (%) | |||||
| Ingxenye yesisindo se-Glyphosate % | ≥95.0 | 95.60% | |||||
| Ingxenye yesisindo se-formaldehyde g/kg | ≤1.2 | 0.2 | |||||
| I-sodium hydroxide into enganyibiliki g/kg | ≤0.2 | 0.1 | |||||
| Ingxenye yesisindo se-Nitrosoglyphosate mg/kg | ≤1.0 | 0.30% | |||||
Ngokufigqiwe
Ngamafuphi, i-glyphosate, naphezu kwempikiswano eqhubekayo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwayo, isalokhu iyikhemikhali ebalulekile kwezolimo zanamuhla kanye nokuphathwa kokhula okungelona olwezitshalo. Ukusebenza kwayo kahle, ukuguquguquka kwayo, kanye nomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwezolimo kuye kwenza yaba negalelo elikhulu ekukhiqizweni kokudla emhlabeni jikelele. Njengoba ucwaningo luqhubeka nemithethonqubo ishintsha, ikusasa le-glyphosate cishe lizobandakanya ibhalansi phakathi kwezinzuzo zayo kanye nemizamo yokubhekana nokukhathazeka okuhambisana nayo.